A cultural guide for business travellers in Saudi Arabia

For business travellers, navigating the quickly evolving landscape of Saudi Arabia requires more than just knowledge of the market—it demands an understanding of the country’s deep-rooted customs and traditions. Saudi Arabia places immense value on personal relationships, trust, and mutual respect in business dealings. Those who appreciate these cultural nuances will find it far easier to build meaningful connections and unlock new opportunities.

The role of cultural awareness in business success

In Saudi Arabia, business is deeply intertwined with personal relationships. Establishing trust before discussing commercial matters is crucial, and rushing into negotiations without first engaging in conversation can be seen as impersonal or even disrespectful. Business discussions often begin with small talk, covering topics such as family, well-being, or current events, before gradually shifting to professional matters.

Communication is often indirect, and phrases like “inshallah” (God willing) may not always indicate a firm commitment. Understanding these subtleties can help avoid misunderstandings. Equally important is hospitality, a fundamental aspect of Saudi culture. Accepting an invitation to coffee, lunch, or even a home visit is more than a polite gesture—it is a key step in relationship-building and a demonstration of respect.

Greetings, hospitality, and social customs

The way greetings are exchanged plays an important role in setting the tone for interactions. A firm handshake using the right hand, accompanied by “Salam Alaikum” (Peace be upon you), is the most common greeting. However, in certain situations, particularly when greeting elders or in formal settings, it is customary for Saudis to place their right hand over their heart instead of shaking hands. This gesture conveys warmth and respect.

Titles are significant in Saudi society, and addressing someone as “Sheikh” or “Dr.” demonstrates appreciation for their status. When meeting Saudi women in business settings, it is advisable to wait for them to initiate a handshake. If they do not, a verbal greeting and the hand-over-heart gesture are appropriate alternatives.

Hospitality is an integral part of Saudi culture. Business meetings frequently begin with the serving of kahwah (traditional Arabic coffee) and dates, and accepting these offerings graciously is a sign of good manners. If invited to a meal, guests can expect a generous spread, often featuring dishes such as kabsa, a fragrant rice and meat dish. Meals are usually shared, and it is polite to wait for the host to begin before eating.

Dress code and professional appearance

Saudi Arabia maintains a formal dress code in business settings. Men are expected to wear a dark suit and tie, while women should opt for conservative attire, such as a long-sleeved blouse with trousers or a long skirt. Although a headscarf is not always required, carrying one is advisable for formal occasions or visits to religious sites.

Dressing appropriately is not just a matter of etiquette—it reflects professionalism and respect for local customs. In some workplaces, especially international firms, dress codes may be more flexible, but it is always best to err on the side of formality.

Building relationships in Saudi business culture

Developing strong relationships is the foundation of business success in Saudi Arabia. Business deals are rarely finalised in a single meeting, as decision-making is often a gradual process built on trust and familiarity. Invitations to private gatherings, meals, or social events are common ways for business partners to strengthen ties. Accepting such invitations whenever possible is a sign of respect and goodwill.

Shared meals play a significant role in networking, providing a relaxed setting where professional and personal relationships can flourish. Engaging in conversation over traditional dishes such as mansaf (a lamb and rice dish served with yoghurt sauce) helps establish rapport and demonstrates genuine interest in local customs.

Do not be surprised if Saudis invite you to their homes. This is part and parcel of the legendary Saudi hospitality.

Navigating prayer times and the business day

Prayer is a central part of daily life in Saudi Arabia. Businesses may pause briefly to allow time for worship, and meetings may be scheduled around prayer times. Being mindful of these moments, particularly Dhuhr (midday) and Maghrib (sunset) prayers, shows cultural sensitivity. If a meeting is interrupted for prayer, waiting respectfully and allowing the break to proceed is expected.

The workweek in Saudi Arabia typically runs from Sunday to Thursday, with Friday being the holy day. Business hours may vary, with many companies operating split shifts, particularly in retail and service industries. Understanding these scheduling norms helps in planning meetings and business activities efficiently.

If visiting in summer, expect later business hours for meetings and possibly adjusted office hours due to the scorching mid-day heat. For outdoor-related industries, night shifts or early morning schedules may be preferred.If scheduling events, consider evenings when people are more active and willing to engage socially or professionally.

Gender dynamics in professional settings

Saudi Arabia has seen significant changes in gender inclusion in the workplace, particularly under Vision 2030, which encourages greater female participation in the workforce. While traditional customs still influence professional interactions, women are increasingly taking leadership roles in various industries.

When engaging with female professionals, men should allow them to initiate physical greetings such as handshakes. If they do not extend a hand, a respectful verbal greeting suffices. Women working in Saudi Arabia can expect a growing presence of female colleagues and should feel confident in their professional interactions.

Dining etiquette and meeting protocol

Business meetings in Saudi Arabia often begin with informal conversation before transitioning to work-related discussions. Punctuality is appreciated, but meetings may start later than scheduled as participants engage in social pleasantries. Being patient and using this time to build rapport can be beneficial.

Dining etiquette follows traditional customs. Meals are typically eaten with the right hand, and guests should follow the host’s lead. Pork and alcohol are strictly prohibited, so offering gifts or dining suggestions that include these items should be avoided.

The significance of gifting in business culture

Gift-giving is a valued practice in Saudi business culture. Offering a well-thought-out gift can help strengthen professional relationships. Appropriate gifts include luxury pens, fine leather goods, or a beautifully wrapped book on a relevant topic.

When presenting a gift, using the right hand or both hands is customary, as this is considered a sign of respect. Personal gifts should be chosen carefully to ensure they align with cultural norms, and alcohol-related gifts should be avoided.

Getting around and making the most of a business trip

Saudi Arabia’s key business hubs each offer unique opportunities. Riyadh serves as the Kingdom’s political and corporate capital, while Jeddah is a major commercial centre with strong ties to international trade. AlUla is emerging as a significant heritage and eco-tourism destination.

Transportation options are improving, with ride-hailing services such as Uber and Careem widely available. However, for those unfamiliar with the country, hiring a driver or a local guide can make business travel more efficient and enjoyable.

Final thoughts

Success in Saudi Arabia’s business landscape goes beyond expertise and negotiation skills—it requires a deep appreciation for cultural values, traditions, and etiquette. By embracing the Kingdom’s customs, showing respect for hospitality, and investing in long-term relationships, business travellers can navigate their professional interactions with confidence.

Approaching every meeting, meal, and conversation as an opportunity to connect and learn will not only enhance business success but also create lasting partnerships in one of the world’s most exciting emerging markets.

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(photo top of page by Jose Vasquez / Unsplash)

USEFUL LINK: SAUDI BUSINESS COUNCIL